Main aim of this research was comparing mild swimming and recoveries Jacuzzis recovery on blood lactic acid and blood pressure of swimmers. We used descriptive statistics (placebo, median, mean, variance, and standard deviation) for analyzing data in order to compare changes of saturated percentage of blood cell. We collected data from pools of Mashhad and we used from 45 person for collecting information and finally 35 sample data were collected. Normal data distribution by Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used initially in order to reflect the normal distribution of data. Thus, we used t student, alpha error is 0.05, and Excel 2007 and SPSS 18 did analysis. Result of research indicated there is not significant relationship between saturated percentage of blood cell in (swimming 200 m after recovery and recovery) in Jacuzzi recovery and mild swim.

.Background and Objective: This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of combined use of organic and biological fertilizers on protein percentage and apparent nitrogen recovery in white beans.Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The first factor included four levels (Control, Inoculation with Azotobacter, Inoculation with Barvar-2 and Inoculation with Azotobacter + Barvar-2) and second factor included four levels (Control, Farmyard manure, Mushroom compost and vermicompost).Results: The results showed that the highest biological performance was related to Nitroxin without using organic fertilizer and the lowest was related to control. The highest percentage of protein was related to fertilizer 2 + mushroom compost. The lowest percentage of protein belonged to the treatment of not using biological fertilizer and using animal manure. The maximum and minimum of nitrogen consumption efficiency were related to control treatment + animal manure with an average of 36.32 and control treatment + control, respectively. The highest value of apparent nitrogen recovery attribute was related to nitroxin + vermicompost treatment and the lowest value of this attribute was related to control + control.Conclusion:The application of biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in the evaluated traits. Therefore, due to the high costs of preparation and consumption of chemical fertilizers, high wastage and leaching, as well as the harmful environmental effects of these fertilizers,

Introduction: Flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) is a medicinal plant from Brassicaceae family which also known as a weed for winter cereals and oil seed rape. Low temperatures are one of the most important abiotic stresses that threat Flixweed growth and productivity….

Poly(N-vinyl formamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogels were prepared by free radical chain polymerization using ammonium persulfate as redox initiator, N, N-Methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker, and N, Nʹ, , Nʹ, ʹ, , Nʹ, ʹ, ʹ,-tetramethyl ethylenediamine as accelerator. The synthesis of hydrogels was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The effect of compositional change and temperature on the mechanical and rheological behavior was explored in detail. Different rheological tests (flow curve, frequency sweep, creep recovery, and hysteresis loop) were conducted to study the effect of temperature (25–, 40 ℃, ), compositional change, and N-vinyl formamide concentration on the viscoelastic thixotropic behavior of copolymer hydrogels. Different rheological models (Bingham, modified Bingham, and Ostwald power law) were applied to check the pseudo plastic shear thinning non-Newtonian behavior, as confirmed by decline in viscosity with shear rate. Highly rough and microporous morphology, high thixotropy (hysteresis loop area of 4498. 5 Pa s−, 1 obtained from the hysteresis loop test), and better recovery percentage (95% form creep recovery) were observed for hydrogels having increased N-vinyl formamide (NVF) concentration. The obtained results showed an increase in mechanical strength with increasing NVF concentration in the hydrogels and their valuable applications for wastewater treatment, drugs delivery, cosmetics and so on.

Although in Mediterranean regions fall planting of chickpea has a good chance for producing better and sustainable yield, but this cropping system is not use in highland regions, because of severity of cold stress and lack of cold tolerant genotypes. In order to evaluate chickpea freezing tolerance under laboratory conditions 26 genotypes (including 23 genotypes from Mashhad Chickpea Collection (MCC), two cold tolerant and one susceptible genotypes from ICARDA) with 5 freezing temperatures -3, -6, -9, -12 and -15 oC as factorial arrangement and acclimation (AC) and nonacclimation (NAC) treatment as main factor were evaluated. Survival percentage, LT50, plant dry weight and plant height were calculated at the end of recovery period (21 days after freezing treatment). There were significant differences (P<0.05) among genotypes for survival, plant dry weight and plant height at the end of recovery period. MCC373 with 75% and MCC283 with 57% survival had the most and the least survival, respectively. Acclimation had significant effect (P<0.05) on plants survival, so AC treatment increased survival percentage about 24%. Plants survival for 20 genotypes was at least 50% in -12oC, but susceptible genotype had only 25% survival at such freezing temperature. In order to identifying the chickpea cold hardy genotypes, using the freezing test under laboratory conditions, maybe useful.

To evaluate the effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking of Notobasis, two separate experiments were conducted at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in 2017 with three replications. The first experiment included nine physical, mechanical and chemical treatments (control, surface scarification, intense scarification, one and two weeks of chilling at 4°C, soaking into hot water for two hours without scarification , soaking in 25°C distilled water for two hours with scarification  and acid treatment for six and 12 minutes) based on completely randomized designs (CRD). The Second experiment was hormone priming arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with gibberellin concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) and priming duration (12 and 24 hour) as the treatments. The highest seed germination (40%) obtained from 12 minutes of acid treatment. Results showed that seed germination reached to 100% after priming seeds with GA3 concentrations for 12 hours. However, increase the priming durations to 24 hours, significantly declined seed germination to 47% in 200 and 400 ppm of GA3 concentrations. The Increase of GA3 concentrations in 12 hours led to a linear reduction of T50 from 31 hours in 200 ppm to 19 hours in 1000 ppm). In 24 hours of priming treatment, T50 followed a Gaussian function and the highest T50 (92 hours) was obtained from 600 ppm. It is recommended to immerse the seeds for 12 minutes in sulfuric acid and prime with 400 ppm GA3 acid for 12 hours to break dormancy and increase the vigor index.

Introduction: Garlic is a medicinal and cool season plant, but there is not much information on its level of cold tolerance. Khorasan province is one of the suitable areas for growing garlic. The conventional planting date of garlic in this region takes place between 6 October and 5 December. Available evidences shows that garlic plants have been affected by cold stress due to inappropriate planting date. Some researchers have recommended the use of controlled freezing tests as a suitable approach to assess cold tolerance of plants. In this regard, it is stated that LT50su in wheat had the highest correlation with field survival index when the crown was exposed to cold stress. The present experiment was conducted to study cold tolerance and understanding the most critical growth stages of garlic ecotypes to cold stress under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications in Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2012. The experimental factors included two levels of planting date (18 September and 21 October), garlic ecotype in four levels (Bojnurd, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Neyshabur and Khaf) and eight levels of freezing temperature (0,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15,-18 and-21° C). Plants that grown in outside conditions and acclimated to cold temperatures were transferred to the thermogradient freezer to apply cold stress. Survival percentage, Lethal Temperature 50% mortality according to the survival percentage (LT50su), plant height, leaf area, reduced leaf area temperature 50 (RLAT50), dry weight and reduced dry matter temperature 50 (RDMT50) were determined at three weeks after applying the stress. Results and Discussion: In the first planting date, the survival of Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes decreased 20% and 26% at-15 ° C compared with zero temperature, respectively, while two other ecotypes disappeared at this temperature. In the second planting date, Khaf and Bojnurd ecotypes had a good survival at-15 ° C while Neyshabur and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes disappeared 60 and 67% at this temperature, respectively. Since the growth stage has an effect on cold acclimation and stress tolerance, this response can be due to difference in the growth stage of plants. However, this reaction was different depending on the ecotypes. With changing planting date from September to October, LT50su decreased 9. 6 and 6 ° C in Khaf and Neysabur ecotypes, and increased 3. 9 and 2 ° C in Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes, respectively. In the first planting date with decreasing temperature from zero to-18 ° C, the maximum and minimum decrease in height (90 and 27%) were observed in Torbat-e Heydarieh and Bojnurd ecotypes, and Neyshabur and Khaf ecotypes disappeared at this temperature. Also, in the second planting date with decreasing temperature from zero to-15 ° C, plant height decreased 47, 52 and 30% in Khaf, Torbat-e Heydarieh and Neyshabur ecotypes, respectively. However, plants height of Bojnurd ecotype decreased only 4% under similar conditions. In the first planting date Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes had the lowest decrease in leaf area (about 3 and 17%, respectively) at 12 ° C compared with zero temperature, while Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes assigned to themselves the highest decrease in leaf area (about 85 and 58%, respectively). Also, in the second planting date leaf area of Bojnurd ecotype decreased 18% at-15 ° C compared with zero temperature, while in similar conditions Torbat-e Heydarieh, Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes had 56, 38 and 58% decrease in leaf area, respectively. The lowest decrease in dry matter percentage was observed in Neyshabur (23%) and Bojnurd (22%) ecotypes in the first and second planting date, respectively, following decreasing temperature to-12 ° C. Studies have shown that plants with faster growth before the frost were more sensitive to cold temperatures and as a result, damaged more. So, it seems that increasing growth of Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes and their progress towards more advanced growth stages reduced cold tolerance of these plants in the first planting date. Introduction: Garlic is a medicinal and cool season plant, but there is not much information on its level of cold tolerance. Khorasan province is one of the suitable areas for growing garlic. The conventional planting date of garlic in this region takes place between 6 October and 5 December. Available evidences shows that garlic plants have been affected by cold stress due to inappropriate planting date. Some researchers have recommended the use of controlled freezing tests as a suitable approach to assess cold tolerance of plants. In this regard, it is stated that LT50su in wheat had the highest correlation with field survival index when the crown was exposed to cold stress. The present experiment was conducted to study cold tolerance and understanding the most critical growth stages of garlic ecotypes to cold stress under controlled conditions. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications in Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2012. The experimental factors included two levels of planting date (18 September and 21 October), garlic ecotype in four levels (Bojnurd, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Neyshabur and Khaf) and eight levels of freezing temperature (0,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15,-18 and-21° C). Plants that grown in outside conditions and acclimated to cold temperatures were transferred to the thermogradient freezer to apply cold stress. Survival percentage, Lethal Temperature 50% mortality according to the survival percentage (LT50su), plant height, leaf area, reduced leaf area temperature 50 (RLAT50), dry weight and reduced dry matter temperature 50 (RDMT50) were determined at three weeks after applying the stress. Results and Discussion In the first planting date, the survival of Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes decreased 20% and 26% at-15 ° C compared with zero temperature, respectively, while two other ecotypes disappeared at this temperature. In the second planting date, Khaf and Bojnurd ecotypes had a good survival at-15 ° C while Neyshabur and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes disappeared 60 and 67% at this temperature, respectively. Since the growth stage has an effect on cold acclimation and stress tolerance, this response can be due to difference in the growth stage of plants. However, this reaction was different depending on the ecotypes. With changing planting date from September to October, LT50su decreased 9. 6 and 6 ° C in Khaf and Neysabur ecotypes, and increased 3. 9 and 2 ° C in Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes, respectively. In the first planting date with decreasing temperature from zero to-18 ° C, the maximum and minimum decrease in height (90 and 27%) were observed in Torbat-e Heydarieh and Bojnurd ecotypes, and Neyshabur and Khaf ecotypes disappeared at this temperature. Also, in the second planting date with decreasing temperature from zero to-15 ° C, plant height decreased 47, 52 and 30% in Khaf, Torbat-e Heydarieh and Neyshabur ecotypes, respectively. However, plants height of Bojnurd ecotype decreased only 4% under similar conditions. In the first planting date Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes had the lowest decrease in leaf area (about 3 and 17%, respectively) at 12 ° C compared with zero temperature, while Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes assigned to themselves the highest decrease in leaf area (about 85 and 58%, respectively). Also, in the second planting date leaf area of Bojnurd ecotype decreased 18% at-15 ° C compared with zero temperature, while in similar conditions Torbat-e Heydarieh, Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes had 56, 38 and 58% decrease in leaf area, respectively. The lowest decrease in dry matter percentage was observed in Neyshabur (23%) and Bojnurd (22%) ecotypes in the first and second planting date, respectively, following decreasing temperature to-12 ° C. Studies have shown that plants with faster growth before the frost were more sensitive to cold temperatures and as a result, damaged more. So, it seems that increasing growth of Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes and their progress towards more advanced growth stages reduced cold tolerance of these plants in the first planting date. Conclusions Freezing stress decreased survival percentage and recovery of garlic ecotypes. In the first planting date Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes had a better survival percentage and Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes had lower survival percentage while in the second planting date Khaf and Neyshabur ecotypes had higher survival percentage than Bojnurd and Torbat-e Heydarieh ecotypes. Also, results of LT50su indicated that Bojnurd and Khaf ecotypes had higher freezing tolerance in the first and second planting date, respectively. Different reactions of garlic ecotypes at various stages of stress may be due to their genetic characteristics and geographic origin. In terms of recovery (height, leaf area and dry weight), the plants of the second planting date had more height and dry matter, as well. Based on the RDMT50 and RLAT50, moreover, Bojnurd ecotype in both planting date and Khaf ecotype in the first planting date were recognized as most tolerant and sensitive ecotypes, respectively.

Background: Many studies showed that heart rate recovery (1 min) and exercise capacity at exercise test are both strong predictors of cardiovascular events in various populations. This study compared heart rate recovery (1min) and exercise capacity in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome in Iranian community.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 470 individuals aged ³ 35 years who followed in Isfahan Cohort Study. A questionnaire including questions on demographic and lifestyle information as well as weight, height, blood pressure, and waist circumference was completed. Triglyceride, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were measured as well. All subjects performed a symptom limited exercise test under the standard Bruce protocol. Heart rate recovery (1 min) and exercise capacity were calculated. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model SPSS15 software.Finding: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P=0.001). Heart rate recovery (1 min) was in normal range in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (>18 bpm) but in subjects without metabolic syndrome it was higher (41.48 versus 37.07; P=0.007). There was no difference between men and women in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (P=0.645 and 0.39 respectively). Exercise capacity was lower in individuals without metabolic syndrome (P=0.022).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that among exercise capacity and heart rate recovery, this is exercise capacity which has a stronger relationship with metabolic syndrome in our community. Also, it seems that there is a need for reconsideration on heart rate recovery threshold.

Considering of milk pricing system in Iran, a deterministic model was used to predict economic weights of milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life for maximum profit, when product input were restricted and variable enterprises costs were used in animal unit. The sensitivity of these coefficients to a 20% change on prices of forage to concentrate, feed costs, non-feed costs, milk base price, milk free-market price, average milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life were examined, using data simulation and available data from three different dairy herds of Iran. On the basic condition, the economic weights of milk production, fat percentage, protein and herd life in maximum condition were (745, 581.5, 790.5), (460105, 492630, 161877), (424857, 905336, 488234) and (506.7, -16.2, 571.5) in three herds, respectively. Milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life had the highest sensitivity to change the average milk production, basic milk spice and herd life. Intake changing in forage to concentrate ration had the lowest effect on economic weights. Economic weights changes in contrast to changing on production factors in different systems had variable effects. Changing of production factors causes difference on economic weights of traits and their economic weights should be estimated for each production system.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and the fourth common cancer in Iran. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful tumor indicator for diagnosing premature Prostate cancer. The specificity and sensitivity of this test increases significantly when we measure the amount of serum free PSA and calculate the percentage.    Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive – analytical study that was done on 125 patients who were under prostatectomy. The patients were divided into 4 groups of <60, 60-69, 70-79 and 80 years old or above In terms of their total PSA (tPSA), the patients were divided to 3 groups of normal (0-3.9 ng/ml), borderline (4-9.9 ng/ml) and increased (10-19.9 ng/ml and 20 or more). As for their percentage of free PSA (fPSA%), they were divided to 3 groups of less than 18%, 18% -25% and more than 25%. Considering the biopsy results, they made 2 groups of BPH and cancer. After that, the tPSA and fPSA% were compared for diagnosing prostate cancer using statistical particularity and sensitivity tests.Results: The finding of the study indicate that by increasing the cut-off values of fPSA% up to 25%, the probability of being afflicted by cancer decreased, especially within the limit of tPSA of 4-9.9ng/ml by which 18.2% of cases were diagnosed as BPH, but there was no indication of cancer (P=0.0001). According to the results of our study, the tPSA within 4-9.9ng/ml was a good indicator for recognizing 7.1% cases of cancer. The rate of its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing cancer was 20% and 77.39%, respectively.  However, in combination with fPSA% cut-off 18-25%, the rate of sensitivity increased to 53.57% , and that of specificity to 86.6% (0.001).Conclusion: In our study, fPSA%, in combination with tPSA, was able to increase the specificity and sensitivity of the tPSA test. Especially with fPSA% cut-off 18-25% in tPSA within the borderline limit of 4-9.9 ng/ml, which was the purpose of our study, it was able to diagnose cancer to a maximum degree in addition to increasing the sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we suggest that fPSA% be used  as an aid test to tPSA, especially when the tPSA falls within low or borderline ranges which may be the an indication of cancer in early stages. So, it would increase the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer and decrease the costs involved.